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• Serf. A Dictionary of World History


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Further reading

• Backman, Clifford R. The Worlds of Medieval Europe Oxford University Press, 2003.


• Blum, Jerome. The End of the Old Order in Rural Europe (Princeton UP, 1978)


• Coulborn, Rushton, ed. Feudalism in History. Princeton University Press, 1956.


• Bonnassie, Pierre. From Slavery to Feudalism in South-Western Europe Cambridge University Press, 1991 excerpt and text search


• Freedman, Paul, and Monique Bourin, eds. Forms of Servitude in Northern and Central Europe. Decline, Resistance and Expansion Brepols, 2005.


• Frantzen, Allen J., and Douglas Moffat, eds. The World of Work: Servitude, Slavery and Labor in Medieval England. Glasgow: Cruithne P, 1994.


• Gorshkov, Boris B. "Serfdom: Eastern Europe" in Peter N. Stearns, ed, Encyclopedia of European Social History: from 1352–2000 (2001) volume 2 pp 379–88


• Hoch, Steven L. Serfdom and social control in Russia: Petrovskoe, a village in Tambov (1989)


• Kahan, Arcadius. "Notes on Serfdom in Western and Eastern Europe," Journal of Economic History March 1973 33:86–99 in JSTOR


• Kolchin, Peter. Unfree labor: American slavery and Russian serfdom (2009)


• Moon, David. The abolition of serfdom in Russia 1762–1907 (Longman, 2001)


• Scott, Tom, ed. The Peasantries of Europe (1998)


• Vadey, Liana. "Serfdom: Western Europe" in Peter N. Stearns, ed, Encyclopedia of European Social History: from 1352–2000 (2001) volume 2 pp 369–78


• White, Stephen D. Re-Thinking Kinship and Feudalism in Early Medieval Europe (2nd ed. Ashgate Variorum, 2000)


• Wirtschafter, Elise Kimerling. Russia's age of serfdom 1649–1861 (2008)


• Wright, William E. Serf, Seigneur, and Sovereign: Agrarian Reform in Eighteenth-century Bohemia (U of Minnesota Press, 1966).


• Wunder, Heide. "Serfdom in later medieval and early modern Germany" in T. H. Aston et al., Social Relations and Ideas: Essays in Honour of R. H. Hilton (Cambridge UP, 1983), 249–72

External links

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• Serfdom, Encyclopaedia Britannica (on-line edition).


• Vinogradoff, Paul (1911). "Serfdom". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.).


• Peasantry (social class), Encyclopaedia Britannica.


• An excerpt from the book Serfdom to Self-Government: Memoirs of a Polish Village Mayor, 1842–1927.


• The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis, discussion and full online text of Evsey Domar (1970), "The Causes of Slavery or Serfdom: A Hypothesis", Economic History Review 30:1 (March), pp. 18–32.